FFVI: Veteran Edition

First before attempting anything, I suggest you work in close relation with the event dump and the event command list, both available here. Every time you go to an event offset, locate yourself in the event dump, with an offset search or dialogue search. One you know where you are, you'll know what just went by and what is coming, in terms of event. Now I won't answer your last question because I have no clue what you are looking for.

However what Angelo was talking about is forcing the jump to the second choice. Here you have a choice:

Code:

CC/0B37: 4B    Display dialogue message $05EF, wait for button press
               I ran a Weapon Shop for 70 years!
               This stone gives off an eerie aura!
               If I melted it, and forged a sword, it'd be powerful!
               Well?
               Make this stone into a sword?
               ^ Leave it the stone “Ragnarok”
               ^ Make it the sword “Ragnarok”
CC/0B3A: B6    Indexed branch based on prior dialogue selection [$CC0B42, $CC0B58]
CC/0B41: FE    Return

If you look at the event command document, under command B6, you will understand what the bytes after the B6 means. They are the 2 addresses of the 2 choice.

First Choice; The Esper. All this code is useless because you want to force the second choice. You can therefore use the space for extra code or put FF or FD all over the place it doesn't matter.

Code:

CC/0B42: 4B    Display dialogue message $05F0, wait for button press
               Right.
CC/0B45: F4    Play sound effect 103
CC/0B47: B2    Call subroutine $CC9AD5
CC/0B4B: 42    Hide object $11
CC/0B4D: B2    Call subroutine $CC9AD5
CC/0B51: F4    Play sound effect 141
CC/0B53: 86    Give esper $46 (Ragnarok) to party
CC/0B55: D0    Set event bit $1E80($0B6) [$1E96, bit 6]
CC/0B57: FE    Return

Second choice: The Sword. Now what you need to do is jump here and to force this you use the B2 command instead of this (same code from above):

Code:

CC/0B3A: B6    Indexed branch based on prior dialogue selection

Since you will edit the dialogue, there is no more choice so instead of command B6 it will be command B2 with the good 3 bytes that come after for the address to jump to. Once again check the command document to know how to use it, but Angelo pretty much gave you your answer on a silver plate. Here it is again: B2 58 0B 02.

Code:

CC/0B58: 4B    Display dialogue message $05F0, wait for button press
               Right.
CC/0B5B: F4    Play sound effect 103
CC/0B5D: B2    Call subroutine $CC9AD5
CC/0B61: 42    Hide object $11
CC/0B63: B2    Call subroutine $CC9AD5
CC/0B67: 80    Add item $1B (<D9>Ragnarok    ) to inventory
CC/0B69: D0    Set event bit $1E80($0B6) [$1E96, bit 6]
CC/0B6B: FE    Return

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Now for you pug event, if you want him to react to your sword you can set an unused event bit when you get the sword(see event bit list available here). Then once you get to the pug NPC you trigger a custom event that will check if your event bit is set. Based on that condition, you can choose two path. You put whatever you want in these two path. One if you found the sword (Pug is pissed off and stab you) and one path is the sword is not found (Pug say "Hello!" or Pug does nothing, whatever). This is called conditional branching and I made a tutorial about it.

You could even make pug invisible if the sword is not found, but the conditional branching has to be set in the entrance event of the map, e.g. it will check if the event bit is set every time you enter the map.

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Last thing. The magic spells are part of the list of 255 spells (with dances, enemy magic and magitek and other stuff). They have an order in the ROM as data. You can check a ROM map to see where they are. Their order is hard coded and they are only regrouped by type (that I mentionned). Nothing in their name organize them. There is no simply way to reorganize them, at least not one that I know about. The best thing is to use a white magic to have a new white magic as an example.